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B. Process Monitoring (on-line, in-line, non-invasive)

B1 Reaction monitoring

Consideration of some sampling problems in the on-line analysis of batch processes by low-field NMR spectrometry
Nordon A, Diez-Lazaro A, Wong CWL, McGill CA, Littlejohn D, Weerasinghe M, Mamman DA, Hitchman ML and Wilkie J
Analyst, 2008, 133, 339-347
Considerations for the selection and design of sampling systems for heterogeneous processes in a stirred tank reactor
Diez-Lazaro A, Hitchman M L and Littlejohn D
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2005, 83, 344-351
Determination of Aniline in Hydrofluoric Acid solutions by NIR Spectrometry with a Fibre-optic Interface
McDonald J, McIntyre A, Hitchman M L, Littlejohn D
Applied Spectroscopy, 1998, 52, 908-911
Factors affecting broadband acoustic emission measurements of a heterogeneous reaction
Nordon A, Carella Y, Gachagan A, Littlejohn D and Hayward G
Analyst, 2006, 131, 323-330
Improved method for kinetic studies in microreactors using flow manipulation and non-invasive Raman spectrometry
Mozharov S, Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Wiles C, Watts P, Dallin P and Girkin JM
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133, 3601-3608
In-line monitoring of esterification using a miniaturised mid-infrared spectrometer
McGill C A, Ferguson R H, Donoghue K, Nordon A and Littlejohn D
Analyst, 2003, 128, 1467-1470
Monitoring of a heterogeneous reaction by acoustic emission
Nordon A, Waddell R J H, Bellamy L J, Gachagan A, McNab D, Littlejohn D and Hayward G
Analyst, 2004, 129, 463-467
Monitoring of an esterification reaction by on-line direct liquid sampling mass spectrometry and in-line mid infrared spectrometry with an attenuated total reflectance probe
Owen A W, McAulay E A J, Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Lynch T P, Lancaster S J, Wright R G
Analytica Chimica Acta,, 2014, 14.08.2014
Multi-scale Multiblock Batch Monitoring:Sensor and Process Drift and Degradation
Alawi A, Zhang J and Morris J,
Org. Process Res. Dev., 2015, 19 (1), 145-157
Multivariate kinetic hard-modelling of spectroscopic data: A comparison of the esterification of butanol by acetic anhydride on different scales and with different instruments
Puxty, Neuhold Y-M, Ehly M, Gemperline PJ, Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Basford JK, De Cecco M and Hunderbuhler K
Chem. Eng. Sci.,, 2008, 63 (19), 4800-4809
Non-invasive analysis in micro-reactors using Raman spectrometry with a specially designed probe
Mozharov S, Nordon A, Girkin JM and Littlejohn D
Lab on a Chip, 2010, 10, 2101-2107
Scale-up of batch kinetic models
Ehly M, Gemperline PJ, Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Basford JK and De Cecco M
Anal Chim Acta, 2007, 595, 80-88
Sensing change in batch reactors
Ashe R, Littlejohn D, Nordon A and Allan P
Chem Eng, 2008, 115, 56-59

B2 Monitoring of drying and powder blending

Effects of particle size and cohesive properties on mixing studied by non-contact NIR
Bellamy LJ, Nordon A and Littlejohn D
Int. J. Pharm, 2008, 361, 87-91
In situ monitoring of powder blending by non-invasive Raman spectrometry with wide area illumination
Allan P, Bellamy L, Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Andrews J and Dallin P
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2013, 76, 28 - 35
Investigation of factors affecting isolation of needle-shaped particles in a vacuum agitated filter drier through non-invasive measurements by Raman spectometry
Hamilton P, Littlejohn D, Nordon A, Sefcik J, Slavin P, J Andrews and Dallin P
Chemical Engineering Science, 2013, 101, 878-885
Non-invasive monitoring of the mixing of pharmaceutical powders by broadband acoustic emission
Allan P, Ballamy LJ, Nordon A and Littlejohn D
Analyst, 2010, 135, 518-524
Real-time monitoring of powder mixing in a convective blender using non-invasive reflectance NIR spectrometry
Bellamy LJ, Nordon A and Littlejohn D
Analyst, 2008, 133, 58-64
Studies of particle drying using non-invasive Raman spectrometry and particle size analysis
Hamilton P, Littlejohn D, Nordon A, Sefcik J, Slavin P, Dallin P and Andrews J
Analyst, 2011, 136, 2168-2174
Validity of particle size analysis techniques for measurement of the attrition that occurs during vacuum agitated powder drying of needle-shaped particles
Hamilton P, Littlejohn D, Nordon A, Sefcik J and Slavin P
Analyst, 2012, 137, 118 - 125

B3 Biological process analysis

Improving the accuracy of flux balance analysis through the implementation of carbon availability constraints for intracellular reactions.
Lularevic M, Racher A J, Jaques C, Kiparissides A.
Biotechnology & Bioengineering 2019, 1-14
https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.27025
 
A micro reactor for the study of biotransformations by a cross-linked gamma-lactamase enzyme
Hickey AM, Ngamsom B, Wiles C, Greenway GM, Watts P and Littlechild JA
2009, 4(4), 510-516
Combined shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy and support vector regression for monitoring the algal production of complex polysaccarides
Noack K, Eskofier B, Kiefer J, Dilk C, Bilow G, Schirmer M, Buchholz R, Leipertz A
Analyst, 2013, 138, 5639-5646
Development of a high throughput screening tool for biotransformations utilising a thermophilic L-aminoacylase enzyme
Ngamsom B, Hickey AM, Greenway GM, Littlechild JA, Watts P and Wiles C
J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym., 2010, 63, 81-86
Fermentation process tracking through enhanced spectral calibration modeling
Triadaphillou S, Martin E, Montague G, Nordon A, Jeffkins P and Stimpson S
Biotechnol. Bioeng., 2007, 97, 554-567
In situ monitoring of the seed stage of a fermentation process using non-invasive NIR spectrometry
Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Dann AS, Jeffkins PA, Richardson MD and Stimpson SL
Analyst, 2008, 5, 660-666
Investigating the feasibility of mid infrared spectroscopy for monitoring an industrial de-racemization biotransformation process
Gardner P, Arnold SA, Brown F, Carr R, Nordon A, Harvey LM and McNeil B.
Analytica Chimica Acta,, 2012, 779, 50-55
Towards better understanding of an industrial cell factory investigating the feasibility of real-time metabolic flux analysis in Pichia pastoris
Fazenda M, Dias J, Harvey L, Nordon A, Edrada-Ebel R, Littlejohn D and NcNeil B
Microbial Cell Factories, 2013, 12:51

B4 Microreactors and flow chemistry

A micro reactor for the study of biotransformations by a cross-linked gamma-lactamase enzyme
Hickey AM, Ngamsom B, Wiles C, Greenway GM, Watts P and Littlechild JA
2009, 4(4), 510-516
Continuous flow organic synthesis, a tool for the modern medicinal chemistry
Wiles C and Watts P
Fut. Med. Chem., 2009, 1593-1612
Development of a high throughput screening tool for biotransformations utilising a thermophilic L-aminoacylase enzyme
Ngamsom B, Hickey AM, Greenway GM, Littlechild JA, Watts P and Wiles C
J. Mol. Catal. B Enzym., 2010, 63, 81-86
Enhanced Chemical Synthesis in Flow Reactors
Wiles C and Watts P
Chemica Oggi, 2009, 27(3), 34-36
Improved method for kinetic studies in microreactors using flow manipulation and non-invasive Raman spectrometry
Mozharov S, Nordon A, Littlejohn D, Wiles C, Watts P, Dallin P and Girkin JM
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2011, 133, 3601-3608
Microreactors as tools for high-throughput synthesis
Wiles C and Watts P
Speciality Chem. Magazine, 2009, 40-41
Non-invasive analysis in micro-reactors using Raman spectrometry with a specially designed probe
Mozharov S, Nordon A, Girkin JM and Littlejohn D
Lab on a Chip, 2010, 10, 2101-2107
The development and evaluation of a continuous flow process for the lipase mediated oxidation of alkenes
Wiles C, Hammond MJ and Watts P
Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 2009, 5(27), 1-12
The use of immobilised crown ethers as in situ N-protecting groups in organic synthesis and their application under continuous flow
Wild GP, Wiles C, Watts P and Haswell SJ
Tetrahedron, 2009, 65, 1618-1629